G11: Move to Global War: Japan: International Response

The Second United Front was a fragile alliance between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Nationalist forces to resist the Japanese occupation of China.

Japan struck in 1931 because China was becoming united. China’s new armies, however, were neither well enough trained nor well enough equipped to resist Japan. China therefore appealed to the League of Nations, hoping that this would force other countries to share in the crisis.

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At the outset, U.S. officials viewed developments in China with ambivalence.

In response to the invasion of Manchuria, U.S. Secretary of State Henry Stimson issued what would become known as the Stimson Doctrine, stating that the United States would not recognize any agreements between the Japanese and Chinese that limited free commercial intercourse in the region.

In the first two decades of the twentieth century, the relationship between the United States and Japan was marked by increasing tension and corresponding attempts to use diplomacy to reduce the threat of conflict